![]() However, the Zuozhuan, a historical text written centuries earlier than the Shiji, provides a much more detailed account of the Battle of Boju, but does not mention Sun Tzu at all. Sima Qian claimed that Sun Tzu later proved on the battlefield that his theories were effective (for example, at the Battle of Boju), that he had a successful military career, and that he wrote The Art of War based on his tested expertise. Afterward, both companies, now well aware of the costs of further frivolity, performed their maneuvers flawlessly. ![]() After both concubines were killed, new officers were chosen to replace them. Sun Tzu also said that, once a general was appointed, it was his duty to carry out his mission, even if the king protested. He explained that if the general's soldiers understood their commands but did not obey, it was the fault of the officers. Sun Tzu then ordered the execution of the king's two favored concubines, to the king's protests. Then, he reiterated the command, and again the concubines giggled. In response, Sun Tzu said that the general, in this case himself, was responsible for ensuring that soldiers understood the commands given to them. When Sun Tzu first ordered the concubines to face right, they giggled. Sun Tzu divided them into two companies, appointing the two concubines most favored by the king as the company commanders. One of the better-known stories about Sun Tzu, taken from Sima Qian, illustrates Sun Tzu's temperament as follows: Before hiring Sun Tzu, the King of Wu tested Sun Tzu's skills by commanding him to train a harem of 180 concubines into soldiers. The Art of War was one of the most widely read military treatises in the subsequent Warring States period, a time of constant war among seven ancient Chinese states- Zhao, Qi, Qin, Chu, Han, Wei, and Yan-who fought to control the vast expanse of fertile territory in Eastern China. Sun Tzu's victories then inspired him to write The Art of War. Both sources also agree that Sun Tzu was born in the late Spring and Autumn period and that he was active as a general and strategist, serving King Helü of Wu in the sixth century BC, beginning around 512 BC. ![]() The Spring and Autumn Annals and Sima Qian's later Records of the Grand Historian ( Shiji) state that Sun Tzu was born in Qi. The oldest available sources disagree as to where Sun Tzu was born. ![]() Life The Yinqueshan Han Slips unearthed in 1972 include Sun Tzu's Art of War, collection of Shandong Museum It remains influential in many contemporary competitive endeavors across the modern world beyond military strategy and warfare, including espionage, Ĭulture, politics, business, and sports. During the twentieth century, The Art of War grew in popularity and saw practical use in the Western world as well. Sun Tzu's work has been praised and employed throughout the arc of East Asian military history since its composition, and eventually earned global attention. ![]() Since both Sun Wu and Sun Bin were referred to as "Sun Tzu" in classical Chinese texts, some historians believed them identical, prior to the rediscovery of Sun Bin's treatise in 1972. Traditional accounts state that the general's descendant Sun Bin wrote a treatise on military tactics, also titled The Art of War. Modern scholars accepting his historicity place the extant text of The Art of War in the later Warring States period of 475 to 221 BC, based on its style of composition and its descriptions of warfare. The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian and other traditional Chinese historians placed him as a minister to King Helü of Wu and dated his lifetime to 544–496 BC. The name Sun Tzu-by which he is more popularly known-is an honorific which means "Master Sun". His birth name was Sun Wu ( traditional Chinese: 孫武 simplified Chinese: 孙武) and he was known outside of his family by his courtesy name Changqing ( Chinese: 長卿). Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese and East Asian culture as a legendary historical and military figure. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of The Art of War, an influential work of military strategy that has affected both Western and East Asian philosophy and military thinking. Sun Tzu ( / s uː n ˈ d z uː, s uː n ˈ s uː/ soon DZOO, soon SOO traditional Chinese: 孫子 simplified Chinese: 孙子 pinyin: Sūnzǐ) was a Chinese military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period of 771 to 256 BC. Military general, strategist, philosopher, writer ![]()
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